A Review of Reactor Designs for Hydrogen Storage in Clathrate Hydrates

Clathrate hydrates are ice-like, crystalline solids, composed of a three-dimensional network hydrogen bonded water molecules that confines gas in well-defined cavities can store gases as solid solution. Ideally, with maximum theoretical capacity about 5.4 wt%. However, the pressures necessary for formation such hydrate 180–220 MPa and therefore too high large-scale plants industrial use. Thus, since early 1990s, there have been numerous studies to optimize pressure temperature conditions storage develop proper reactor type via optimisation heat mass transfer maximise resulting phase. So far, construction has developed small, sub-litre scale; indeed, many attempts were reported pilot-scale design, on multiple-litre scale larger. The purpose this review article is compile summarise knowledge single highlight hydrogen-storage prospects future challenges.